Lena Kovadlo's Creative Passion
Thoughts on writing, books, dreams, life, nature, travel, music, movies, and so much more...
Monday, April 27, 2026
How I Overcame Obstacles of Learning English
Thursday, April 2, 2026
How to Write a Villanelle
What is a Villanelle?
A villanelle is a poetic form may hold some similarities to a sonnet, but it is much more difficult to master, and may be confusing when learning this poetic form for the first time.
A villanelle is usually written in iambic pentameter though trimeter and tetrameter have also been used. It is comprised of six stanzas – the first five of which are made up of three lines, while the last is made up of four lines.
Breakdown of a Villanelle
The first and third lines (refrains) of the first stanza are repeated throughout the poem in the five stanzas. But they are not just repeated any which way. The first refrain is repeated in last line of the 2nd and 4th stanzas, while the second refrain is repeated in the last line of the 3rd and 5th stanzas. In the sixth stanza the two refrains are together again, except that now they make up the last two lines of the poem, with the first refrain being in line 3 and the second refrain being in line 4.
Rhyme Scheme of a Villanelle
A villanelle has a rhyme scheme that needs to be followed. In the first five stanzas the first and third lines must have the same rhyme, while the second line has its own rhyme throughout each of the first five stanzas. In the last stanza the second line has the same rhyme as the second line of the other five stanzas, while lines 1, 3, and 4 have the same rhyme as the first and third lines of the other stanzas.
Breakdown of a Villanelle by Stanza, Line, and Rhyme Scheme
Here is a simpler breakdown of the villanelle structure:
Stanza 1:
Line 1 (Refrain1) – rhyme a1
Line 2 – rhyme b
Line 3 (Refrain 2) – rhyme a2
Stanza 2:
Line 1 – rhyme a
Line 2 – rhyme b
Line 3 (Refrain 1) – rhyme a1
Stanza 3:
Line 1 – rhyme a
Line 2 – rhyme b
Line 3 (Refrain 2) – rhyme a2
Stanza 4:
Line 1 – rhyme a
Line 2 – rhyme b
Line 3 (Refrain 1) – rhyme a1
Stanza 5:
Line 2 – rhyme b
Line 3 (Refrain 2) – rhyme a2
Stanza 6:
Line 1 – rhyme a
Line 2 – rhyme b
Line 3 (Refrain 1) – rhyme a1
Line 4 (Refrain 2) – rhyme a 2
A Sample Villanelle
Here is a sample poem of a villanelle. I wrote it for my poetry class years ago and it is my first and only villanelle. Perhaps reading it will make it even clearer as to how this poetic form is structured and needs to be written.
“SPRING”
Spring has awakened and opened its wings.
Streets once blanketed with snow are now bare.
The birds’ sweet echoing melody rings.
Naked branches are covered with seedlings.
Green grass slowly peeks, scent wafts in midair.
Spring has awakened and opened its wings.
The cool breeze sifts and serenity lingers,
The threads of music serenade the air.
The birds’ sweet echoing melody rings.
Burning sun warms bodies and hearts’ cravings,
From winter that has left us in despair.
Spring has awakened and opened its wings.
On shores, waves smash against the rocks like springs.
The boats, whose bells ring in the morning air.
The birds’ sweet echoing melody rings.
Flowers’ rich aroma crafts us greetings,
For months to come and savor this affair.
Spring has awakened and opened its wings.
The birds’ sweet echoing melody rings.
How to Write a Shakespearean Sonnet
There are different types of sonnets that exist out there: Shakespearean (English), Spenserian, Petrarchan (Italian), Occitan, Urdu sonnet and others. Each is slightly different than the other though there are similarities between them all. All the sonnets use iambic pentameter and have some kind of a rhyme scheme that needs to be followed. They also have the same number of lines - fourteen.
What is iambic pentameter?
Iambic pentameter is a measure of a line in a traditional verse poem. It describes the rhythm of that particular line that is created by the words you write. The rhythm is measured in syllables, which are referred to as "feet". In iambic pentameter there are five of these "feet" in each line of the poem and each "foot" consists of an unstressed syllable and a stressed syllable.
It's not that easy to understand this the first time around but it gets easier as you write more and more poetry in iambic pentameter.
To make things a bit easier you can think of each line in an iambic pentameter poem sounding like this: DA-DUM, DA-DUM, DA-DUM, DA-DUM, DA-DUM. When you write your lines read them in the DA-DUM style and if your line has five DA-DUMs that means your line is written in iambic pentameter.
How to Write a Shakespearean Sonnet?
Before you write a Shakespearean sonnet you have to become familiar with its structure and form.
A Shakespearean sonnet uses iambic pentameter. It consists of fourteen lines and follows a specific rhyme scheme. The first twelve lines in a Shakespearean sonnet have a rhyme scheme where every other line rhymes - abab, cdcd...etc. The last two lines are a couplet and therefore rhyme with each other - gg.
Line 1 - rhyme a
Line 2 - rhyme b
Line 3 - rhyme a
Line 4 - rhyme b
Line 5 - rhyme c
Line 6 - rhyme d
Line 7 - rhyme c
Line 8 - rhyme d
Line 9 - rhyme e
Line 10 - rhyme f
Line 11 - rhyme e
Line 12 - rhyme f
Line 13 - rhyme g
Line 14 - rhyme g
Now if your first four lines have a rhyme scheme of abab doesn't mean that you can't use that rhyme sound in other lines of the poem. Just make sure that every other line rhymes, with the exception of the last two lines that have their own rhyme scheme. Of course, if your poem started with a first rhyme sound of cat for example doesn't mean you can't use that same sound in the last two lines of the poem. You can... But you don't have to! Doing all this however may not classify your poem as a full Shakespearean sonnet .But I think there is nothing wrong with that as there are many variations of a sonnet.
An example of a Shakespearean Sonnet
Below is a Shakespearean sonnet that I wrote for my poetry class back when I was in college. It may not be the best sonnet I could have written but it will help you to better visualize and understand how to write a Shakespearean Sonnet.
"Photos"
Pieces of life once lived in distant past.
Flashing before my eyes an open door,
It’s like a movie that is being cast
About me when I was only a child,
Going to camp, wandering through the forest,
Picking mushrooms and berries, free and wild,
Running, in flight my body will not rest.
The tape has STOPPED, and now this life is gone.
Wish I could PAUSE it and just press REWIND.
Life’s full of work, no time to have much fun.
Can’t fall asleep with nightmares so unkind.
Glad the photos are in my possession.
They’re a memory of past expression.
How to Write an Acrostic Poem
What is an Acrostic Poem?
An acrostic poem is a poem with a hidden word, phrase, or name spelled out by either letters, syllables, or words in each line of them poem.The most common variation of this poem is when the first letter or first syllable of the first word of each line in the poem, or the first word itself, spells out a word, a phrase, or a name. There are other variations of this poetic style however.
Variations of an Acrostic Poem
Here are the variations of an acrostic poem:1. Have last letter, last syllable, or last word of each line spell something out.
2. Have a combination of first and last letter, syllable or word spell something out.
3. Have the first letter of a middle word in each line spell something out.
4. Have the middle word of each line spell something out.
5. Have something spelled out diagonally. For example, start from the first letter of the first word in the first line followed by the first letter of the second word in the second line followed by the first letter of the third word in the third line, and so on...
Line 1 - Word 1 - First letter
Line 2 - Word 2 - First letter
Line 3 - Word 3 - First letter
....
Line n - Word n - First letter
6. Have a variation of the format described in 4th bullet but instead of the first letter make it the first word.
Line 1 - Word 1
Line 2 - Word 2
Line 3 - Word 3
....
Line n - Word n
7. There are many more variations you can create here. Get as creative and as complex as you'd like.
How to Write an Acrostic Poem
Writing an acrostic poem is simple but can be a challenge. The easiest acrostic poem to write is one where the first letter of each line spells something out - be it a word, a phrase, or a name.When writing this easiest type of acrostic poem simply first write out the word, phrase, or name by having each letter on its own line and making it bold. Then write your poem so that each line begins with the letters you have laid out on the page.
For example: if you were to write a poem that will spell out the word APPLE you will first write each letter of the word APPLE on its own line, in bold:
A
P
P
L
E
And then you will write your poem so that the first word of the first line starts with the letter A, the first word of the second line with the letter P ... and the first word of the fifth line with the letter E.
Now you can also have the word APPLE spelled out by last letter of each line, by the first letter of a middle word in each line, or diagonally.
Look at the picture below for better understanding.
Tips on Writing an Acrostic Poem
When writing an acrostic poem, no matter what variation it is, it is better to first spell out that word, phrase, or name and bold it before you start writing the poem. This will ensure that you will not make a mistake and leave out a letter or letters from whatever it is you want to spell out. And you will be able to check yourself once the poem is finished because each required letter will be in bold and easily found.Also, when writing an acrostic poem it is better to have the poem be about that specific word, phrase, or name that you are spelling out. Of course you don't have to do that, if you don't want to.
Having said that, you can use an acrostic poem to write a hidden message that you only want certain people to know. In that case, you may decide not to bold the letters that spell out that special message and ask those certain people to figure out the message you want to relay to them.
An example of an Acrostic Poem
“ACROSTIC POEM”
(2005)
Across
Countries
Running
Over
Spheres
This
Inspiring
Concept
Penetrates
Our
Emotional
Minds
“LIFE JOURNEY”
(Spring 2005)
Listen to the song
Inside your playful heart
Find nothing wrong
Enjoy life from the start
Journey to a place
Of beauty and of peace
Unlock your jailed face
Release yourself to bliss
Never let bad take over
Even when it’s near
You can make it sober
So make it disappear
An acrostic poem is a fun and creative poem that can also challenge your brain when you decide to spell something out in a complicated way.
If you haven't tried writing this type of poem I urge you to give it a try. You will enjoy this poetic form and will grow to love it over time, if not right away.
If you find yourself struggling with writing your first acrostic, don't worry and most importantly don't give up and surrender. It gets easier with time. The more acrostics you write the better at it you'll get...
Sunday, March 29, 2026
Being in a Relationship
Friday, March 27, 2026
How I Wrote and Published My Debut Novel
- Let me tell you that while writing the story may be hard, editing the story is even harder. In this step you not only have to make sure that all your grammar, punctuation and spelling is correct, but you also have to make sure that everything flows smoothly and that there are no flaws in the story. You have to sit there reading every chapter, not only with your head but with your eyes and edit it as you read. Then when you are done you have to read the novel again from start to finish and most likely edit some more. It seems like a never-ending process and it is hard to tell yourself that you are finally done and that no more editing is required. You want the novel to be perfect and it can be hard to decide if you got there or if there are still minor things that need to be altered. To help you with all this it is a good idea to get other people to read the novel and offer their feedback. This can help you fix any issues you may have overlooked and improve the story.
- When you get negative feedback for your novel do not get discouraged. If your novel is published don't unpublish it. And if you were planning to publish it don't stop. That negative feedback is just the opinion of that person and does not mean that your novel is of a poor quality and that the story is not good enough to be published and shared with the world. You can't please everyone. There will always be haters. See if you can get something positive out of that negative feedback and then push it aside!
- I have total control over how my book cover looks, how my interior looks, and how the story unfolds... There is no one to tell me what to do!
- I can make changes to the manuscript and re-upload the manuscript and fix the book cover, if needed, even after the book has been published and available for sale.
- I get a free ISBN for my book and I don't have to pay to get my book published as it's free to publish a book with Lulu.
- I decide how much I make per each book sale and what the price of the book will be.
- When I buy my own book I pay what it costs to manufacture the book not the retail price of the book, which means that I save money.
- When someone buys my book I can see when it was bought, where it was bought from, and how much I made for that book.
- I need to earn as little as $5 to get paid my royalties, which are sent to my PayPal account. The payments are made monthly, not quarterly or longer than that. I don't have to go through the following: search for an agent, suffer through writing a query letter, find a publisher for my book, and face rejection after rejection until hopefully finally finding a publisher who will want to publish my novel into a book.
Writing and Publishing My Poetic Tale Treasure
Poetry Anthology Voices of the World
Poetry Anthology Whispers in the Wind
Tuesday, November 11, 2025
Time to Get Back into My New Poetry Book
Back in 2021 I had this idea for a new poetry book to be titled Seasonal Memories. It would include four sections, one for each season. The poetry in each section would include nature with memories of the past or something that happened in the past mixed in.
I’ve stopped working on this book but I don’t want to leave it unfinished. I will have to go back to my manuscript and see how many poems I have left to write. I was aiming for ten poems per section. Seems like a good enough number. If I really feel inspired I may add more poems to the manuscript. Each section doesn’t necessarily need to have the same number of poems in it but I’d prefer it to be the same.
I don’t want to force anything but I do want to make progress so any ideas I may have I will jot them down. I can always edit something or get rid of it altogether if I don’t like what I’ve come up with.
I think it starts with opening the manuscript, going to a blank page, and seeing where that takes me. Just waiting for ideas or inspiration to come may not lead to anything. I’ve got to give myself a push. Perhaps the passing and memory of a fellow poet this summer can help steer me on the path of progress.
Once I finish writing, I’ll need to proofread and edit. Then I’ll need to format the manuscript and think about the book cover. I will start working on it once I come up with what I want the cover to be. The book will be published with Lulu just like my previous books. Once it’s out there it will become my 13th book, not including the two poetry anthologies I put together and published, featuring poems from around the world.

